Emergency Recovery: Causes of System Failures
Several situations might render a system unbootable. The most common class of errors relates to a failure to load and boot the kernel. This might happen if you compiled a kernel without support for your boot device (such as forgetting the IDE driver) or forgot support for the root file system type (usually ext2). Errors can also lurk within the kernel compilation step itself Compiling a kernel with an experimental compiler might cause the boot to fail. Circumstances beyond the control of SuSE can also damage Linux. The installation of another operating system may overwrite LILO—the kernel itself may be fine, but nothing remains to load it.
The second major group of system failures consists of various file system corruptions and outright mistakes. It is conceivable that an untimely power failure could corrupt files vital to booting even a rudimentary system. Perhaps more likely is that such files get altered or deleted by an overuse of the root account. There are many ways that a Linux system could become damaged, but in the end if the system becomes unbootable, you need to somehow recover from the emergency.
Although having a system fail to boot can be one of the most distressing types of failures, it’s not the only one you might have to guard against. Files and entire directories may get damaged or deleted over time. Mistakes and misfortunes do happen, so you need to know how to handle them. The following sections describe some of the options you have after the system fails to boot, files or file systems get corrupted, or you forget the root password.
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