Adger Linux Beginner Linux Resource » Hard Drive

Real Beginner User Real World Problem Number One

admin — Sat, 06 Mar 2010 01:44:00 +0000

The new Linux user is bound to run into basic problem areas sooner or later. Its like owning a car , or working with Microsoft Windows. It all comes down to basics. Master the basics and you are 80 % there. Simple as that. Just like the basics of computer workstation networking.

Problem one to be expected is ” I cannot Boot Linux Anymore”. It seems that you have successfully installed the Linux distro of your choice. Then one fine day you may a change to your Windows OS- Windows 09 , XP or Vista / System 7/ Suddenly Linux no longer seems to boot and indeed stops working. You no longer see the lilo boot prompt. so you can no longer specify that indeed you wan to boot Linux.

What to do ? It seems that various operating systems tend to think that they are the only ones in the universe. It not unlike media centers in Windows that when newly installed take over and make themselves l”King” the “default” setup.

Therefore when the new Operating System is installed they write things to the area of the system or specifically the hard drive – or now sometimes solid state “hard drives”, called the Master Boot Record (MBR). This process overlays and overwrites the basic Linux boot loader (called LILO) and stops you dead in your tracks from booting Linux.

Overall the best correction is a good prevention . Make an emergency floppy or usb stick as a boot disk.

Keep this handy, when you do update or change your system ( or during any other significant event in your “Linux career” , such as repartitioning your disks or rebuilding your kernel.

Thus if you make a mistake then you can boot with your boot device – be it floppy or usb stick , or cd / dvd.

Its not unlike safe mode in Windows.

Then when you have rebooted your system using your boot device , simply log on as “root”, then type LILO on the command line. This will repair the MBR ( Master Boot Record) reinstalling Lilo.

You are now off to the races !!!

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Changing the Boot Order in Your Computer's Bios Control Panel

admin — Thu, 19 Nov 2009 01:00:00 +0000

It can be It can said that it is always easiest once you know how.
The same can be said for Linux installs – be they from a CD , DVD flash memory drive or in the case of smaller Linux distros even from a 1 mb diskette.
One of the problems that many encounter works out to changing the boot order of their computer. If you computer has been set to start fast by booting first from the hard drive and your install is from a cd or dvd rom you are out of luck. It is not as if windows is going to let you erase it when it is running.
How do you change the boot order
Well if possible you could wipe out the hard drive and if no OS is on the hard drive and the optical drive is set down the line as the next or 2nd next startup device then you might be ok
Generally you change the startup order in the bios of your computer
The bios is program which is permanently etched onto a read only memory on your motherboard
It controls how the computer starts up and in what sequence
When your computer starts look quickly on the bottom of the screen for instructions labeled – setup , controls or something like that
It usually will list the command as “del” or a function key
With fast new Pentium 4 computers the startup may be very rapid so read quickly and as well you may have to repeat the sequence more than once.
If not try various keystroke commands and function key combinations
Once into the bios look and hunt around for startup options or menu. It may be buried one level down even on startup options
Change the order so that CD or DVD is above ( starts before ) the hard drive
It can be diskette then cd/ dvd or cd/dvd first
Once done , save and exit ( usually F10 function key 10)
You cannot do too much harm in the bios
At the worst reset to factory defaults , save and your computer should always run
However note IBM computers PCs since they are first business machines often have a default start of “network” rather than diskette or CD.
At the worst if you are totally locked out of your bios , or a mean computer store ( to get you back for service) placed a password on the bios
> take the power cord out of the computer , (turned off of course) , remove the cover of the computer , and take out the bios backup battery which primarily looks like a watch battery.
Your bios will be reset back to original factory defaults. You will have to set the clock when the computer boots up.
You are now in a position where your computer will boot up from your optical drive and your can start and complete your Linux install.

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File Format Systems

admin — Fri, 05 Jun 2009 03:08:20 +0000

Lastly the space inside each partition needs to be prepared in a way suitable for that particular operatins system. For example with Linux – it needs at least two partitions – a standard partition formatted in a Linux format – one of several available and as well a specially formatted “swap file” area formatted in a manner different than the other Linux drive partitions.

Linux Data Recovery: Crashed Linux System Recovery – Linux Operating system consists of a Linux kernel which can be booted is known as Boot Disk. This disk can be used to boot the kernel, which then might load a root file system to any other disk. The Kernel on the Boot Disk generally should … to recover the data and save it to another hard drive or storage media and then format the hard drive and reinstall the operating system. The data recovery software that can be used in this case are known as Linux recovery software. …

System and File Backup on Windows and Linux | LAMPDocs – Migration from non-RAID to RAID – backup a non-RAID file system and restore it as RAID including the root partition. Different formats – backup a system running on one format and restore as another format. Backup Linux/Windows systems, …

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Windows 98 works with fat – fat 16 has a 2 gig size limit. Larger than that fat 32 format is used. The 98 stream – win 95, 98 , 98 second edition SE , Windows ME cannot read the newer NTSF file format system. NTSF has certain advantages over fat 32 . It can handle larger drive and drive partition sizes than fat32. It is descended from server technology and is considered safer from data loss and hard drive crashes and failure due to file format problems. Fat 32 is fairly standard but fragments a lot more than NTSF. Windows 98 and its stream cannot read a NTSF formatted drive at all and see it as no drive present wheras NTSF can read fat . The default install for XP is NTSF although fat32 is allowed both to be created or to left alone untouched. The current most advanced OS of Microsoft is Vista which demands NTSF file format.

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